IQ Absurdity

Dodgson's Rule Approximations and Absurdity

With the Dodgson rule, cloning the electorate can change the winner, which Young (1977) considers an “absurdity”. Removing this absurdity results in a new rule (Fishburn, 1977) for which we can compute the winner in polynomial time (Rothe et al., 2003), unlike the traditional Dodgson rule. We call this rule DC and introduce two new related rules (DR and D&). Dodgson did not explicitly propose t...

Full Reduction in the Face of Absurdity

Core calculi that model the essence of computations use full reduction semantics to be built on solid grounds. Expressive type systems for these calculi may use propositions to refine the notion of types, which allows abstraction over possibly inconsistent hypotheses. To preserve type soundness, reduction must then be delayed until logical hypotheses on which the computation depends have been p...

Wittgenstein, Moorean Absurdity and its Disappearance from Speech

G. E. Moore famously observed that to say, I went to the pictures last Tuesday but I don’t believe that I did’’ would be ‘‘absurd’’. Why should it be absurd of me to say something about myself that might be true of me? Moore suggested an answer to this, but as I will show, one that fails. Wittgenstein was greatly impressed by Moore’s discovery of a class of absurd but possibly true assertions b...

جغرافیا یا ژئوپلیتیک IQ

Iq Gains1

Sumnzary.-Within each of 18 classrooms, an average of 20% of the children were reported to classroom teachers as showing unusual potential for intellectual gains. Eight nonths later these "unusual" children (who had actually been selected at random) showed significantly greater gains in IQ than did the remaining children in th: control group. These effects of teachers' expectancies operated pri...